This article argues that operational effectiveness, and the relative scale of casualties and destruction, cannot and should not serve as a moral or legal standard for judging the legitimacy of military intervention aimed at changing a government.
A Radio Payam Conversation with Abdee Kalantari and Siyavash Shahabi.
Kurdistan is often reduced to a militarized myth, erasing society, class, and everyday life. This essay argues for restoring social reality at the center, showing how both internal politics and external narratives flatten complexity across Kurdistan and Iran.
Panahi’s latest film is a political black comedy with a mystery at its core. Its subject is both grim and peculiar: the enduring bond between torturer and victim in the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Iran forces a question many Western-left debates avoid: are political rights truly universal? When repression abroad is endlessly contextualized rather than opposed, solidarity dissolves into geopolitical caution and internationalism loses its meaning.
